Quantum Computing Intelligence

Threat City vs Defense City

A skyline of quantum hardware progress against the build-out of post-quantum defenses.
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2026
Drag to watch both skylines change over time. Building heights map to real metrics; years past 2026 show projected hardware and deadline targets as outlined “under construction” buildings.
Threat City — quantum hardware
largest announced qubit count
Defense City — PQC migration
milestones completed
Real quantum hardware Real PQC milestone Projected / target (not yet real)
Threat City vs Defense City skylines
How to read this. Threat City heights use a logarithmic scale: breaking RSA-2048 is estimated to require on the order of a million-plus physical qubits, so even the tallest real building today is a small fraction of the “Q-Day” reference line at the top. Raw qubit count is not the whole story — error rates and logical-qubit counts matter more — so treat Threat City as orientation about hardware scale, not a literal break-capability meter. Defense City heights reflect real NIST milestones (FIPS 203/204/205 in 2024, HQC in 2025) and the NIST IR 8547 deadlines (RSA/ECC deprecated after 2030, disallowed after 2035). Outlined buildings are projections or targets, not facts. This is a hand-maintained exhibit, updated as real milestones land — not a live data feed.